The Mora County landscape is defined by the Sangre de Cristo Mountains on its western edge, the Mora River running the length of the County from west to east, and the open range land of central and eastern Mora. The mountains with elevations up to 13,100 feet (Truchas Peak) offer excellent hunting of elk, deer, and other game, and likewise the many streams and lakes offer excellent fishing. Most of the current farming activity and most of Mora's population are located in the Mora River Valley with ranching the main occupation in the eastern part of the County.

Mora's climate is moderate with average highs in July, the hottest month, of 81 degrees. In December, the highs average 45 degrees and the lows 14 degrees. Total annual precipitation is about 18.6 inches with August being the wettest month with nearly 4 inches of rain.